Arre bhai, accounting ka sabse important topic – Golden Rules of Accounting! Yeh teen rules hain jo decide karte hain ki kisi transaction mein kaun sa account Debit hoga aur kaun sa Credit. Inko yaad kar liya to 90% journal entries khud ban jayengi.
Yeh rules Luca Pacioli (Father of Accounting) ne 1494 mein diye the, aur aaj bhi same hain – 2025 mein bhi no change!
Mugging mat karo, samjho! Yeh article mein simple language, tricks, charts aur 50 real-life practical examples diye hain jo exam mein 100% aate hain.
Table of Contents
- What are Golden Rules of Accounting?
- 3 Types of Accounts in Accounting
- Golden Rules Table (Easy to Remember)
- Memory Trick to Never Forget
- 50 Golden Rules Examples with Answers
- Common Mistakes Students Make
- Golden Rules Flowchart (Downloadable)
- FAQ – Golden Rules of Accounting
What are Golden Rules of Accounting? {#what-are}
Golden Rules batate hain ki har transaction mein minimum 2 accounts affect hote hain aur Debit = Credit hona chahiye (Double Entry System).
Yeh rules teen types ke accounts pe based hain.
3 Types of Accounts in Accounting {#types}
| Type | Examples | Nature |
|---|---|---|
| Personal | Ram, HDFC Bank, Outstanding Salary | Person/Firm |
| Real | Cash, Machinery, Furniture, Goodwill | Assets |
| Nominal | Salary, Rent, Commission, Discount | Expenses/Incomes |
Golden Rules Table (Sabse Easy Format) {#table}
| Account Type | Debit | Credit |
|---|---|---|
| Personal | The Receiver | The Giver |
| Real | What Comes In | What Goes Out |
| Nominal | All Expenses & Losses | All Incomes & Gains |
Pro Tip: Nominal rule sabse easy – “Expense = Debit, Income = Credit”
Memory Trick to Never Forget (Exam Mein Likhna!) {#trick}
- Personal → Person hai → Jo leta hai usko Debit (Receiver Debit)
- Real → Real cheez (asset) → Jo andar aati hai Debit (Comes In Debit)
- Nominal → Name se yaad karo → Naam (Expense) kharab karo → Debit!
50 Golden Rules Examples with Answers (Practical + Exam Level) {#50-examples}
Personal Account Examples (1–15)
- Cash paid to Ram → Ram (Receiver) Debit, Cash (Goes out) Credit
- Goods sold to Shyam on credit → Shyam (Receiver) Debit, Sales (Income) Credit
- Received cash from Mohan → Cash (Comes in) Debit, Mohan (Giver) Credit
- Paid to HDFC Bank loan → Bank (Receiver) Debit, Cash Credit
- Outstanding salary paid → Outstanding Salary (Giver) Debit? No! Salary Expense Debit, Cash Credit (Outstanding Salary ko pehle credit banaya tha) → Correct: Salary A/c Dr, To Cash
- Commission paid to agent → Agent (Receiver) Debit
- Rent received from tenant → Cash Debit, Tenant (Giver) Credit? No – Rent Income Credit
- Drew cash for personal use → Drawings (Receiver) Debit, Cash Credit
- Capital introduced → Cash Debit, Capital (Giver) Credit
- Loan taken from SBI → Cash/Bank Debit, SBI Loan (Giver) Credit
Real Account Examples (16–30)
- Furniture purchased for cash → Furniture (Comes In) Debit, Cash (Goes Out) Credit
- Machinery sold for cash → Cash Debit, Machinery Credit
- Goods purchased for cash → Purchases (Goods Come In) Debit, Cash Credit
- Old furniture sold on credit → Party Debit, Furniture Credit
- Cash deposited into bank → Bank (Comes In) Debit, Cash (Goes Out) Credit
- Cheque received and deposited → Bank Debit, Party Credit
- Building purchased → Building Debit, Cash/Bank Credit
- Goodwill purchased → Goodwill Debit, Cash Credit
- Patent rights acquired → Patent Debit, Cash Credit
- Cash withdrawn from bank → Cash Debit, Bank Credit
Nominal Account Examples (31–50)
- Salary paid → Salary (Expense) Debit, Cash Credit
- Rent paid → Rent Debit, Cash Credit
- Commission received → Cash Debit, Commission (Income) Credit
- Interest paid → Interest Debit, Cash Credit
- Interest received → Cash/Bank Debit, Interest Credit
- Discount allowed → Discount Allowed (Expense) Debit, Cash/Debtor Credit
- Discount received → Cash/Creditor Debit, Discount Received (Income) Credit
- Bad debts written off → Bad Debts (Loss) Debit, Debtor Credit
- Depreciation on machinery → Depreciation (Expense) Debit, Machinery Credit
- Loss by fire → Loss by Fire Debit, Asset Credit
- Profit on sale of asset → Asset Debit, Profit (Gain) Credit? No – Cash/Party Debit, Asset + Profit Credit (compound)
- Wages paid → Wages Debit
- Freight paid → Freight/Carriage Debit
- Advertisement expense → Advertisement Debit
- Insurance premium paid → Insurance Debit
- Dividend received → Bank Debit, Dividend Income Credit
- Brokerage paid → Brokerage Debit
- Donation paid → Donation (Loss) Debit
- Income tax paid (personal) → Drawings Debit (not business expense)
- Life insurance premium (personal) → Drawings Debit
Compound Entries (41–50)
- Paid salary ₹20,000 and rent ₹10,000 → Salary Dr 20,000, Rent Dr 10,000, To Cash 30,000
- Received commission ₹5,000 and interest ₹2,000 → Cash Dr 7,000, To Commission 5,000, To Interest 2,000
- Goods worth ₹50,000 purchased, 50% cash, 50% credit → Purchases Dr 50,000, To Cash 25,000, To Creditor 25,000
- Sold goods ₹80,000 (cost ₹60,000) for cash → Cash Dr 80,000, To Sales 80,000 (separate entry for profit if needed)
- Outstanding wages ₹8,000 paid → Wages Dr 8,000, To Cash 8,000
Related Article: What is Journal Entry? Rules & Examples with Tally
Common Mistakes Students Make {#mistakes}
- Sales ko Debit kar dete hain (Sales income hai → Credit)
- Cash purchase mein Sales Debit kar dete hain (Purchases Debit hoga)
- Personal expense ko business expense bana dete hain
- Drawings ko direct expense bol dete hain
Golden Rules Flowchart (Visual Chart) {#flowchart}
[Image: Golden Rules Flowchart – Personal → Receiver Debit, etc.]
[Image: Table of Golden Rules with colorful boxes]
Related Article: 50 Journal Entries with Golden Rules Application
FAQ – Golden Rules of Accounting {#faq}
Q1. Golden rules kisne banaye? A. Luca Pacioli (1494)
Q2. Sales ka rule kya hai? A. Sales income hai → Nominal → Credit
Q3. Purchases ka rule? A. Goods aaye → Real Account → Debit
Q4. Outstanding expenses ka entry? A. Expense Dr, To Outstanding Expense (Personal – Giver Credit)
Q5. Prepaid expense ka entry? A. Prepaid Expense (Receiver) Dr, To Cash
Q6. Kya golden rules modern accounting mein bhi apply hote hain? A. 100% – Tally, QuickBooks sab mein same rules
